RESEARCH ARTICLE


Patterns of Drug Resistance Among Tuberculosis Patients in West and Northwestern Iran



Leyla Sahebi1, Khalil Ansarin1, *, Parviz Mohajeri2, Majid Khalili3, Amir Monfaredan4, Safar Farajnia5, Simin Khayyat Zadeh6
1 Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science. Tabriz, Iran
2 Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh Faculty of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
4 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran
5 Drug Applied Research Center. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6 Health Center of East Azerbaijan Province, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran


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Creative Commons License
© Sahebi et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Fax: 098-413-3378093; E-mail: dr.ansarin@gmail.com


Abstract

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among chronic infectious diseases.

Objective:

The goal of this cross-sectional study (2011-2013;2013) was to examine the patterns of TB drug resistance among HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients in regions near the Iranian border.

Method:

To this end, MTB isolates were harvested from 300 HIV-negative, pulmonary smear-positive TB patients from the northwest and west Iranian border provinces. Isolates were subjected to first and second-line drug susceptibility testing by the 1% proportion method. Demographic and clinical data were provided using a questionnaire and information from patient records. Results were analyzed using SPSS-18.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 52.03 years and 54.3% were male. The prevalence of resistance to any TB drug was 13.6% (38 cases). Eleven percent of the new treatment TB group (28 patients) and 40.7% of the retreatment TB group (11 patients) were resistant to all TB drugs. Twelve (4.3%) patients had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (2.38% in the new TB treatment group and 23.1% in the retreatment group). One patient had extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). There was a statistically significant relationship between TB drug resistance and smoking (p=0.02) and a history of migration from village to city (p=0.04), also between TB drug resistance and recurrence of TB in patients that had previously received treatment (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Knowledge of drug resistance patterns for new and previously treated cases is critical for effective control of MDR-TB in different regions of the country. The burden of MDR-TB in retreatment cases was high. Previous TB treatment was one of the most important mokers and those who had a history of rural to urban migration were at high risk for the occurrence of TB drug resistance.

Keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients, Löwenstein-Jensen, Multiple Drug Resistance, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Northwestern Iran, Tuberculosis (TB).