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HIV/SIV |
Influenza Virus A |
| Virus-induced Pathology |
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- Bacterial superinfections which constitute the major cause of morbidity and mortality
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| Characteristics |
- Neutropenia during primary SIV infection
- No changes in the levels of PMN death and PMN counts in the non-pathogenic model of SIV infection (AGM)
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- PMN infiltration of the airway
- Increased recruitment into the lung related to chemokines
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| Mechanisms |
- Increased expression of BOB/GPR5
- Priming of PMN for death by particle binding to cell surface
- Calpain-dependent PMN death
- Bax and Bak-independent mitochondrial insult
- Lower expression of the anti-apoptotic cytokines IL-8 and IL-1B during the chronic phase.
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- ROS-dependent PMN apoptosis
- Activation of PMN oxidative burst by the virus ?
- Increased expression of Fas antigen and Fas ligand
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| Consequences |
- Correlation with disease severity
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- Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
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