Table 3: Antiviral Activity of Crude Extracts and Fractions of C. fragrans Against Herpetic Viruses

Extract/Fraction CC50 (µg/ml) HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV
EC50(µg/ml) SI EC50 (µg/ml) SI EC50 (µg/ml) SI
C. fragrans, Ethanol Extract
Crude extract 1100 16.5 66.6 15 73.3 800 1.4
0%-MeOH >1000 Inactive - Inactive - Inactive -
20%-MeOH >1000 40 >25 35 >28.6 21 >47.6
40%-MeOH >1000 30 >33.3 28 >35.7 40 >25
60%-MeOH >1000 8 >125 5 >200 32 >31.3
80%-MeOH >1000 Inactive - Inactive - 84 >11.9
100%-MeOH >1000 35 >28.6 32 >31.2 100 >10
C. fragrans, Aquatic Extract
Crude extract 1550 500 3.1 650 2.4 17 91.2
0%-MeOH >1000 Inactive - Inactive - Inactive -
20%-MeOH >1000 2 >500 5 >200 7 >142.8
40%-MeOH >1000 15 >66.7 20 >50 5 >200
60%-MeOH >1000 40 >25 45 >22.2 70 >14.3
80%-MeOH >1000 Inactive - Inactive - 20 >50
100%-MeOH >1000 9.5 >105.3 12 >83.3 Inactive -
ACV 70 0.1 700 0.25 280 0.15 466.7

Vero cell monolayers were treated with different doses of the C. fragrans extracts and their purified fractions at the time of infection. The EC50 values of these examined products were determined and the SI values were calculated. Antiviral activity was evaluated by plaque assay.