RESEARCH ARTICLE


HIV Prevalence Comparison Between Antenatal Sentinel Surveillance and Demographic and Health Survey in Rwanda§



Jeanne Françoise Kayibanda 1, 2, Michel Alary*, 1, 2, 3, Raphaël Bitera 1, 2, 3, Adeline Kabeja 4, Ruton Hinda 4, Louis Munyakazi 5, Bassirou Chitou 5, Jean Philippe Gatarayiha 5
1 URESP, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHA Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
2 Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
3 Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
4 Rwanda Treatment and Research Aids Center, Kigali, Rwanda
5 Rwanda National Institute of Statistics, Kigali, Rwanda


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Creative Commons License
© Kayibanda et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Unité de recherche en santé des populations, URESP, Centre de recherche FRSQ du CHA universitaire de Québec, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8 Canada; Tel: 1418 682 7387; Fax: 1 418 682 7949; E-mail: malary@uresp.ulaval.ca


Abstract

Objective:

To compare HIV prevalence from antenatal surveillance to that of the demographic and health survey (DHS), and to identify factors determining the difference of HIV prevalence between women recruited in these two surveys in Rwanda in 2005.

Methods:

Comparative cross-sectional study of HIV prevalence and socio-demographic factors collected by the antenatal survey in 13,745 pregnant women, seen in 30 health centres located throughout the country and those collected by the DHS among 5641 women, aged 15-49 years living in households located throughout the country. Log-binomial regression and direct standardization were used to estimate and compare HIV prevalence between the two surveys.

Results:

HIV prevalence in the antenatal survey was slightly higher than that in DHS women (4.1% versus 3.6% p=0.103). Socio-demographic characteristics were differently distributed between the two populations. Whereas, 59%, 93%, 53% of pregnant women were aged 20-29 years, married or cohabiting and living in rural areas respectively, the corresponding proportions among DHS women were 35%, 48% and 83% (p<0.001). Simultaneous standardization of antenatal prevalence according to the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics in the DHS gave an overall HIV prevalence estimate of 3.6%, similar to the prevalence measured among DHS women.

Conclusions:

HIV prevalence in the antenatal survey overestimated that among women of the general population in Rwanda in 2005. This overestimation could be corrected by standardization of antenatal prevalence according to the distribution of age, geographical area, marital status, parity, and education, in the general population.

Keywords: Rwanda, HIV prevalence, sentinel surveillance, demographic and health survey..