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Acoustical Respiratory Monitoring in the Time Domain



D. John Doyle1, *
1 Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE


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Creative Commons License
© 2019 D. John Doyle.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi; UAE;
Tel: 052 6997627; Email: djdoyle@hotmail.com


Abstract

This paper introduces the reader to some of the various methods that are available for the time-domain bio-acoustical monitoring of patient breathing. Technical details concerning microphone selection, calibration and characterization, signal amplification, signal filtering and waveform recording are presented. We also describe proof of concept recordings obtained from the neck, from the external ear canal, from a microphone embedded into an oxygen mask and from a leak-free microphone pneumatically connected to the cuff of a laryngeal mask airway. We recommend Audacity, an open-source digital audio editor and recording package that can be freely downloaded at https://www.audacityteam.org for investigators seeking to conduct research on breath sound analysis.

Keywords: Bio-acoustics, Breath sounds, Crackles, Electronic sound recording, Shannon entropy, Stridor, Wheezes, Masimo Acoustic RR.