RESEARCH ARTICLE


High Density Lipoprotein and it’s Dysfunction



Esin Eren 1, Necat Yilmaz 2, *, Ozgur Aydin 2
1 Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
2 Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey


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Creative Commons License
© Eren et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Antalya Education and Re-search Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry Central Laboratory Ministry of Health, 07050, Antalya, Turkey; Tel: 00905053578305; Fax: 00902422494462; E-mail: necatyilmaz@hotmail.com


Abstract

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability.

Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality.

The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.

This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.

Keywords: High density lipoprotein, HDL, HDL functionality, HDL dysfunction, HDL proteins, HDL subtypes.