REVIEW ARTICLE


Overview of Advances in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: A New Plan for Stroke Treatment



Hamidreza Famitafreshi1, Morteza Karimian1, *
1 Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


© 2019 Famitafreshi and Karimian

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel: +982166419484; E-mail: karimian@tums.ac.ir


Abstract

Despite many advances in the treatment of stroke, this disease still causes great morbidity and mortality. For this purpose, different kinds of studies have been conducted based on different mechanisms. The research findings highlight the role of remote ischemic preconditioning, microRNAs, neurogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Nearly a quarter of patients with ischemic stroke will experience a recurrent stroke. It means not just immediate intervention, but also long term intervention is necessary to alleviate stroke patients. Therefore, it is mandatory to predict unwanted events and implement a thoughtful treatment, especially targeting high-risk patients with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. In this review, new advances in animal models have been proposed and overall, it is concluded that stroke patients may greatly benefit from multidisciplinary solutions and more studies are being conducted for timely implementing the best therapy.

Keywords: Stroke, Remote ischemic conditioning, MicroRNA, Neurogenesis, Inflammation, Pathophysiology.