RESEARCH ARTICLE


Mini-Review Article – Current Opinion on Salivary Biomarkers as a Measurement for Stress and Fatigue



Ting Chun Yia, Shabbir Moochhalab, c, *
a Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
b Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Clinical Research Centre #05-09, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
c DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive #09-01, 117510, Singapore


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Creative Commons License
© 2013 Yi and Moochhala

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Clinical Research Centre #05-09, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore; Tel: +654857201; Fax: +654857226; E-mail : mshabbir@dso.org.sg


Abstract

Salivary biomarkers have been increasingly popular in stress research as saliva is easily produced and collection is non-invasive and not limited by geographical distance or lack of infrastructure. Several salivary biomarkers have been utilized in stress research, for instance, salivary cortisol, salivary amylase and salivary immunoglobulin A. Despite being sensitive to changes in fatigue, they have limitations such as inter-individual variability, and interactions with other constituents that may confound the results. Recently, Hyperion Biotechnology has developed the Fatigue Biomarker Index (FBI), which is a measurement of the changes in concentration of salivary peptides with fatigue. The FBI has been shown to be an accurate and objective biomarker of fatigue, and has huge potential for use in various fields and industries.

This article will review some of the previous and current salivary biomarkers of stress, as well as critically appraise the new salivary peptide test in terms of its accuracy, application and access.

Keywords: Fatigue, Hyperion, saliva, salivary biomarker, stress.