RESEARCH ARTICLE
Production of Citric Acid from the Fermentation of Pineapple Waste by Aspergillus niger
Augustine. O. Ayeni1, *, Michael O. Daramola3, Olugbenga Taiwo2, Omowonuola I. Olanrewaju1, Daniel T. Oyekunle1, Patrick T. Sekoai4, Francis B. Elehinafe1
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2019Volume: 13
First Page: 88
Last Page: 96
Publisher ID: TOCENGJ-13-88
DOI: 10.2174/1874123101913010088
Article History:
Received Date: 04/03/2019Revision Received Date: 03/05/2019
Acceptance Date: 07/05/2019
Electronic publication date: 31/07/2019
Collection year: 2019
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Background:
Citric acid, aside its uses as a cleaning agent, has varied applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. A biotechnological fermentation process is one of the easiest ways to satisfy the demands for this useful commodity.
Methods:
The fermentation of pineapple waste by Aspergillus niger for the production of citric acid was investigated in this study. STATISTICA 8 release 7 (Statsoft, Inc. USA) statistical software was used for the design of experiments, evaluation, and optimization of the process using the central composite design (CCD), a response surface methodology approach. Lower-upper limits of the design for the operating parameters were temperature (25-35 oC), fermentation time (35-96 h), pH (3-6), methanol concentration (1-7%) and glucose (15-85 g/L). Twenty-seven duplicated experimental runs were generated for the CCD route.
Results & Conclusion:
The optimal operating conditions were validated at 38 g/L of glucose concentration, 3% (v/v) of methanol, 50 h of fermentation time, pH of 4.3 and temperature of 30 oC which yielded15.51 g/L citric acid. The statistical significance of the model was evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance. The validated predicted response values obtained from the statistical model showed close relationships with the experimental data.
