RESEARCH ARTICLE


Intelligent Computing Based Formulas to Predict the Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Cohesionless Soils



Bashar Tarawneh1, *, Wassel AL Bodour1, Khaled Al Ajmi2
1 Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
2 Specialist Trainer Construction, Training Institute, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Adailiyah, Kuwait


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Creative Commons License
© 2019 Tarawneh et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to the author at the Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan Amman, Jordan; Tel: +962797549696; E-mail: btarawneh@ju.edu.jo


Abstract

Introduction:

Although it is a regular duty of geotechnical engineers to evaluate how much shallow foundation settles in the granular soil, there is no well-approved formula for this task. The intent of this research is to develop a formula that is adequately simple to be used in routine geotechnical engineering work but complete enough to address the behavior of granular soil associated with the settlement issue.

Methods:

Cone penetration test and foundation load test data were used to generate a formula that can predict the settlement. Genetic Programming (GP) based Symbolic Regression (GP-SR) and artificial neural networks were used to develop an optimized formula. Settlements were also calculated using the finite method and compared to the results of the developed formula.

Results and Conclusion:

Two formulas were developed using SR, and several models were developed using ANN. ANN model 1 has the highest R2 value (0.93) and the lowest MSE (0.16) among all developed ANN and GP-SR models. FEM settlements were almost double the measured ones in some instances.

Keywords: Granular Soil, CPT, Settlements, Intelligent Computing, GP-SR, SPT.