RESEARCH ARTICLE


Evaluation of Ocular Surface Disease in Asian Patients with Primary Angle Closure



Tan Ee Ling1, 2, Khairuddin Othman1, Ong Poh Yan2, Rasdi Abdul Rashid1, Cheong Min Tet1, Azhany Yaakob1, Liza-Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin1, *
1 Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia


Article Metrics

CrossRef Citations:
6
Total Statistics:

Full-Text HTML Views: 3322
Abstract HTML Views: 2406
PDF Downloads: 972
ePub Downloads: 758
Total Views/Downloads: 7458
Unique Statistics:

Full-Text HTML Views: 1692
Abstract HTML Views: 1309
PDF Downloads: 663
ePub Downloads: 512
Total Views/Downloads: 4176



Creative Commons License
© 2017 Ling et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Tel: +609 7676353; Fax: +609 7653370; Emails: liza@usm.my; sharminiliz@live.com


Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the incidence of ocular surface disease (OSD) and to determine the effects of topical pressure-lowering drugs on ocular surface disease in primary angle closure patients.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients (Group A) with primary angle closure and primary angle closure suspect (Group B). Group A was treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs; Group B was not. Data on ocular diagnosis and details of treatment were obtained from medical records. Ocular surface disease incidence was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and from clinical signs using Schirmer’s test, tear break-up time and corneal fluorescein stain. Predictive Analytic Software 20 and STATA analysis software were used for statistical analyses.

Results:

Group A demonstrated a higher rate of OSD (OSDI 52.3%, Schirmer’s test 70.5%, tear break-up time (TBUT) 75%, corneal staining 77.3%) compared to Group B (OSDI 39.0%, Schirmer’s test 73.2%, TBUT 58.5% and cornea staining 14.6%) except for Schirmer’s test. There was a significant difference in mean score of OSDI (p=0.004), TBUT (p=0.008) and cornea staining (p<0.001) between two groups. Primary angle closure glaucoma treated with more than two medications and for more than three years had worse ocular surface disease parameters but without statistical significant difference.

Conclusion:

Ocular surface disease is common in PACG patients treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs. Topical pressure-lowering drugs caused significant OSD symptoms and signs except for tear production in PACG patients. Thorough evaluation of ocular surface disease is important to ensure appropriate treatment and intervention in PACG patients.

Keywords: Primary angle closure glaucoma, Ocular surface disease, Ocular surface disease index questionnaires, Schirmer’s test, Tear break-up time, Cornea fluorescein staining.