REVIEW ARTICLE


Nanoscale Surface Modifications of Orthopaedic Implants: State of the Art and Perspectives



RMT Staruch1, *, MF Griffin1, PEM Butler1, 2
1 Department of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, England
2 University College London & The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, England


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Creative Commons License
© Staruch et al.; Licensee Bentham Open

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Surgery & Interventional Sciences, University College London, England; Tel: +07817000032; E-mail: robmtstaruch@doctors.org.uk


Abstract

Background:

Orthopaedic implants such as the total hip or total knee replacement are examples of surgical interventions with postoperative success rates of over 90% at 10 years. Implant failure is associated with wear particles and pain that requires surgical revision. Improving the implant - bone surface interface is a key area for biomaterial research for future clinical applications. Current implants utilise mechanical, chemical or physical methods for surface modification.

Methods:

A review of all literature concerning the nanoscale surface modification of orthopaedic implant technology was conducted.

Results:

The techniques and fabrication methods of nanoscale surface modifications are discussed in detail, including benefits and potential pitfalls. Future directions for nanoscale surface technology are explored.

Conclusion:

Future understanding of the role of mechanical cues and protein adsorption will enable greater flexibility in surface control. The aim of this review is to investigate and summarise the current concepts and future directions for controlling the implant nanosurface to improve interactions.

Keywords: Chemical Modification, Implant Osseointegration, Nanosurface Modifications, Orthopaedic Implants, Physical Modification.