RESEARCH ARTICLE


Correlations between Capsular Changes and ROM Restriction in Frozen Shoulder Evaluated by Plain MRI and MR Arthrography



Kenji Kanazawa1, Yoshihiro Hagiwara2, *, Takuya Sekiguchi3, Kazuaki Suzuki4, Masashi Koide5, Akira Ando5, Yutaka Yabe2
1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Oogawara, Miyagi, Japan
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, JR Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan


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Creative Commons License
© 2018 Kanazawa et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan; Tel: +81-22-717-7245; Fax: +81-22-717-7248; E-mail: hagi@med.tohoku.ac.jp


Abstract

Background:

Evaluation of the Range Of Motion (ROM) is one of the important procedures for shoulder disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between capsular changes and ROM restrictions evaluated by both plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (MRA) in the same patients with frozen shoulder.

Methods:

Between March 2015 and June 2016, 24 patients with frozen shoulders (13 male and 11 female patients, mean age 60.5) with severe ROM restriction who underwent both MRI and MRA on the same affected side were evaluated. We evaluated 1) ROM, 2) the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) thickness, 3) the joint capsule thickness in the axillary recess (humeral and glenoid sides), 4) the area of the axillary recess, and 5) the capsular area of the axillary recess.

Results:

Positive correlations were found between the axillary area and forward flexion (FF) (R = 0.43, P = 0.035), lateral elevation (LE) (R = 0.66, P<0.001), external rotation (ER)(R = 0.43, P = 0.035), 90° abduction with external rotation (AER)(R = 0.56, P = 0.004), and hand behind the back (HBB)(R = 0.6, P = 0.002) on MRA. Negative correlations were found between the joint capsule at the glenoid side and ER and HBB in both MRI and MRA.

Conclusion:

The axillary area was significantly correlated with ROM restriction in FF, LE, ER, AER, and HBB on MRA. Thickness of the joint capsule at the glenoid side is an important factor for ROM restriction in frozen shoulder.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3, Study of Diagnostic Test.

Keywords: Range of motion, Restriction, Coracohumeral ligament, Thickness, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic resonance arthrography.