The Open Virology Journal




(Discontinued)

ISSN: 1874-3579 ― Volume 15, 2021
PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE

Evolving Rotaviruses, Interspecies Transmission and Zoonoses



Yashpal S. Malik1, *, Sudipta Bhat1, Parvaiz S. Dar1, Shubhankar Sircar1, Kuldeep Dhama1, Raj K. Singh1
1 ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India

Abstract

Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches. Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals. The sufferings are higher due to gastroenteritis causing viruses including Astrovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus Picobirnavirus, Sapelovirus, Teschovirus, and many more. Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants. Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral. The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. Although most rotaviruses appear to be host restricted, the interspecies transmission of rotaviruses has been well documented across the globe. The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs. Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread. The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology. Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses. There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs.

Keywords: Cross-species transmission, Evolution, Rotavirus, Reservoir, Interspecies reassortment, Zoonosis.

Article Information


Identifiers and Pagination:

Year: 2020
Volume: 14
First Page: 1
Last Page: 6
Publisher Id: TOVJ-14-1
DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010001

Article History:

Received Date: 30/04/2019
Revision Received Date: 30/11/2019
//
Acceptance Date: 05/12/2019
Electronic publication date: 18/03/2020
Collection year: 2020

© 2020 Malik et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


* Address correspondence to this author at the ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India; Tel: +91-581-2302777;
E-mail: malikyps@gmail.com


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