| Authors | Aim | Sample | Methods | Instruments | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rethorst et al. [19] | Examine biomarkers associated with changes in hypersomnia and insomnia. | 126 Individuals with MDD. | Individuals were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic exercise. | Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C). Blood Analysis. |
Reduction of BDNF levels associated with decreased hypersomnia. |
| Giese et al. [31] | Investigate the serum BDNF level in adults with insomnia and compare them to a control group. | 19 Individuals with RLS/PLM 7 patients with RLS 24 controls |
BDNF levels were collected and correlated with the scores reported in the Insomnia Severity Index. | Insomnia Severity Index. Blood Analisys. |
Insomniacs exhibit a significantly lower serum BDNF level than controls. |
| Rusch et al. [32] | Determine the relationship between increased sleep quality and improvement of depressive symptoms. | 44 Individuals with insônia. | Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation and blood samples were taken from all participants. Participants were classified into two groups: sleep improved (n = 28) and sleep declined (n = 16). Participants underwent 4-8 sessions of CBT for insomnia (CBT-I). |
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Blood Analisys |
The promotion of sleep quality is an effective way to improve depression and quality of life. |
| Giese et al. [30] | Investigate whether the level of stress influences the association of sleep and BDNF levels. | 7 Individuals without insomnia and with RLS/PLM 24 controls 11 Individuals with subclinical insomnia and with RLS/PLM 8 Individuals with insomnia and with RLS. |
Patients underwent clinical evaluation where the data were correlated. | Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) |
Sleep is a mediator in the relationship stress and BDNF. Sleep disturbance may explain how some people cope well with stress and other people get sick. |