| – | ASD | DS | T1DM | Significant Between-group Differences * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | – |
| FPQ (mean item score ± SD) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Objective burden | 1.9±0.7 | 1.8±0.7 | 1.6±0.6 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.4±0.3 | ASD > DS > T1DM (all p<0.001) for both mothers and fathers |
| Subjective burden | 2.0±0.6 | 1.8±0.6 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | ASD > DS > T1DM (all p<0.001) for both mothers and fathers |
| Adverse impact on other children under age 12 years | 3.2±1.5 | 3.1±1.5 | 2.6±1.2 | 2.5±1.0 | 2.3±0.9 | 2.2±0.8 | ASD > DS and T1DM (all p<0.01) for both mothers and fathers |
| Adverse impact on parental work | 2.8±1.0 | 2.7±1.1 | 2.5±0.7 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.3±0.6 | 2.1±0.5 | Mothers: ASD > DS (p<0.05) and T1DM (p<0.01) Fathers: ASD > DS (p<0.05) > T1DM (p<0.05) |
| Child health-related expenses (thousand euros, last year) | 1.36±4.05 | 1.75±5.72 | 0.72±1.81 | 0.62±1.71 | 0.08±0.37 | 0.06±0.25 | Mothers: ASD > T1DM (p<0.001) Fathers: ASD > DS (p<0.05) and T1DM (p<0.01) |
|
Time devoted to the child (hours per week) (mean ± SD) |
43.0±17.7 | 26.2±12.3 | 41.8±16.2 | 25.6±14.2 | 36.3±14.6 | 23.8±11.3 | Mothers: T1DM < DS (p<0.01) and ASD (p<0.001) |
| Significant depressive and anxiety symptoms on the GHQ-12 (N, %) | 113 (33.0) | 85 (29.9) | 29 (21.0) | 16 (14.3) | 40 (26.7) | 31 (23.8) | Fathers: ASD > DS (p<0.01) |