Community Based Cross-Sectional Surveys | ||||||
References | Sample Size | Social Network Typology | Outcome Measure | Measure of Effect | Effect Size (95% C.I)a /Standard Errors | Effect (YES/NO) |
Aung et al. 2016 | 435 | Size (Social Network Index) |
30-item GDSb | Beta/Linear regression | Larger size, -0.18 (-0.28, -0.09) |
Protective |
Singh et al. 2016 | 630 | Composition: children, relatives, friends, confidant networks |
WHOc Composite International Diagnostic Interview | O.Rd/Logistic regression | Children, 1.32 (0.79–2.21) Friends, 0.33 (0.18–0.61) Relatives, 0.70 (0.39–1.27) Confidant, 0.549 (0.17–1.75) |
Protective if composed of friends |
Chen et al. 2016 | 400 | Composition: family, relatives, friends, health care networks |
15-Item GDSb | Beta/Linear regression | Family, -0.46/0.43 Friends, -1.1/0.55 Health and social carers, 1.17/0.51 |
Protective if friends, Predictive if carers |
Kim et al. 2015 | 147 | Interaction (Lubben’s Scale) |
15-item GDSb | Beta/linear regression | Greater connectedness, -0.02/0.28 |
NO |
Caetano et al. 2013 | 3649 | Interaction: Reciprocal visits |
Self-report of clinician diagnoses | O.Rd/Logistic regression | No visits, 1.38 (0.83 – 2.29) |
NO |
Tong et al. 2011 | 228 | Interaction: Meetings/telephone |
15-Item GDSb | Beta/Linear regression | Telephone, −.083/8.30 Meeting with someone, −.027/2.7 |
NO |
Wahlin et al. 2015 | 471 | Interaction: Satisfaction with contact |
Self Reporting Questionnaire | Prevalence rate ratio | Fully satisfied with contact, 0.61 (0.46–0.80) |
Protective |
Sicotte et al. 2008 | 1905 | Geographical Proximity: Co-resident with children or not |
15-Item GDSb | O.R/Logistic regression |
Co-resident children Women, 0.43, (0.25–0.74) Men, 0.29, (0.07–1.16) Non co-resident children Women, 0.70, (0.44–1.11) Men, 0.94, (0.40–2.20) |
Protective in women with co-resident child |
Wahlin et al. 2015 | 471 | Geographical proximity: Co-residency | Self Reporting Questionnaire | Prevalence rate ratio | Co-resident child, 0.78 (0.66–0.94) No co-resident children, 1.28 (1.02–1.60) |
Protective: co-resident Predictive: if not. |
Monserud et al. 2015 | 8704 | Geographical proximity: Co-residency with own children/other relative/friends/network lives in the neighborhood |
Modified CES-De 20 | Beta/linear regression | Co-resident children, 0.18/0.21, Co-resident other relatives, 0.31/0.17, Children nearby, 0.05/ 0.10, Relatives nearby, -0.14/0.10, Friends nearby, -0.04/ 0.11 |
Predictive if co-resident with other relatives (i.e., Other than their own children) |
Webster 2014 | 195 | Geographical proximity: Network lives far away |
CES-De 11 | Beta/linear regression | Distant family, 0.43/2.24, |
NO |
Webster 2014 | 195 | Emotional proximity: Hierarchical mapping |
CES-De 11 | Beta/linear regression | Distant family, 2.57/1.78, Close family, −2.31/1.61 |
NO |
Cao, et al. 2015 | 928 | Social standing: Occupational Prestige Scale |
30-Item GDSb | Beta/linear regression | Prestigious, -0.07/0.34 |
Protective |
Thiyagarajan, et al. 2014 | 17,031 | Diversity: PANTf assessment |
Geriatric Mental State Examination | Prevalence ratio | Low diversity, 1.20 (1.08 – 1.34) |
Predictive |
Sicotte et al. 2008 | 1905 | Diversity: Types of relationship |
15-Item GDSb | O.R/Logistic regression | High diversity Women,0.34, (0.17–0.69) Men,0.14, (0.04–0.48) |
Protective |
Chan et al. 2009 | 1042 | Social Network Scale (aggregate scores) | 15-Item GDSb | O.R/Logistic regression | Lower social network scores, 3.63, (2.35–5.60) |
Predictive |
COMMUNITY BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES | ||||||
Monserud et al. 2015 | 8704 | Geographical proximity | Modified CES-De 20 | Beta/linear regression | Co-resident children, 0.20/0.23, Co-resident others, -0.31/0.18, Children nearby, -0.01/0.14, Relatives nearby, 0.25/0.13, Friends nearby, 0.24/0.13 |
Symptomatic improvement if co-resident with other relatives |
Gureje et al. 2011 | 2149 | Interaction (frequency of contacts) |
WHOc Composite International Diagnostic Interview | Hazard ratios/Cox regression |
No Family contacts women, 2.4, (0.3–20.3) men, 2.5, (0.4–16.0) No friends contact Women, 2.1 (1.1–3.7) Men, 1.5 (0.7–3.4) |
Predictive of onset in women with no friends contact |