| Intervention | Control | |
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | (n=26) | (n=23) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 21.5 (5.0) | 20.1 (2.7) |
| Male | 1 (4%) | 2 (9%) |
| Institution (school) | ||
| A | 14 (54%) | 10 (43%) |
| B | 12 (46%) | 13 (57%) |
| Frequency of gum chewing | ||
| usually | 5 (19%) | 3 (13%) |
| often | 13 (50%) | 12 (52%) |
| rarely | 7 (27%) | 7 (30%) |
| not at all | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Study while gum chewing | ||
| usually | 0 (0%) | 3 (13%) |
| often | 14 (54%) | 9 (39%) |
| rarely | 6 (23%) | 8 (35%) |
| not at all | 6 (23%) | 3 (13%) |
| Take a break while gum chewing | ||
| usually | 2 (7%) | 5 (22%) |
| often | 9 (35%) | 7 (30%) |
| rarely | 9 (35%) | 6 (26%) |
| not at all | 6 (23%) | 5 (22%) |
| Subjective dietary chewing (VAS), mean (SD) | ||
| baseline | 44.9 (20.1) | 42.0 (24.5) |
| 2w | n = 20 70.5 (22.8) | n = 16 38.8 (19.0) |
| 4w | n = 16 66.4 (27.9) | n = 16 43.4 (22.5) |
| STAI | ||
| Trait-Anxiety, mean (SD) | 50.5 (7.8) | 50.5 (11.1) |