Characteristic |
Total (N=301) |
Age ≤ 30 Years (N=99) |
Age > 30 Years (N=202) |
P 1
|
B /OR (95% CI)2 Early vs Late Onset (Adjusted for Gender) |
P 3
|
|
Severity of depression4, N (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mild |
73 (24.3) |
19 (19.2) |
54 (26.7) |
|
0.6 (0.3-1.2) |
0.1 |
Moderate |
161 (53.5 |
56 (56.6) |
105 (52.0) |
0.4 |
0.8 (0.4-1.5) |
0.5 |
Severe |
67 (22.3) |
24 (24.2) |
43 (21.3) |
|
1 |
|
|
Melancholic features4, N (%) |
196 (65.1) |
58 (58.6) |
138 (68.3) |
0.1 |
0.7 (0.4-1.2) |
0.2 |
|
Psychotic features4, N (%) |
13 (4.3) |
4 (4.0) |
9 (4.5) |
0.9 |
1.4 (0.4-5.0) |
0.6 |
|
Suicidal ideations4, N (%) |
194 (64.5) |
69 (69.7) |
125 (61.9) |
0.2 |
1.6 (0.9-2.7) |
0.09 |
|
Atypical features4, N (%) |
11 (3.7) |
10 (10.1) |
1 (0.5) |
<0.0005 |
15.4 (1.9-122.9) |
0.01 |
|
Psychiatric co-morbidity4, N (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anxiety/OCD |
143 (47.5) |
53 (53.5) |
90 (44.6) |
0.1 |
1.2 (0.7-2.0) |
0.4 |
Alcohol abuse |
45 (15.0) |
7 (7.1) |
38 (18.8) |
0.007 |
0.4 (0.2-0.9) |
0.03 |
Drug abuse |
22 (7.3) |
14 (14.1) |
8 (4.0) |
0.001 |
4.1 (1.6-10.8) |
0.004 |
Somatoform/eating disorders |
14 (4.7) |
8 (8.1) |
6 (3.0) |
0.05 |
2.1 (0.7-6.4) |
0.2 |
|
Personality disorders5, N (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any personality disorder |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cluster A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paranoid |
96 (31.9) |
55 (55.6) |
41 (20.3) |
<0.0005 |
4.8 (2.8-8.3) |
<0.0005 |
Schizotypal |
3 (1.0) |
2 (2.0) |
1 (0.5) |
0.2 |
2.8 (0.2-31.1) |
0.4 |
Schizoid |
3 (1.0) |
2 (2.0) |
1 (0.5) |
0.2 |
8.2 (0.7-105.7) |
0.1 |
Cluster B |
3 (1.0) |
2 (2.0) |
1 (0.5) |
0.2 |
4.8 (0.4-62.1) |
0.2 |
Antisocial |
9 (3.0) |
5 (5.1) |
4 (2.0) |
0.1 |
3.5 (0.1-1.8) |
0.09 |
Borderline |
35 (11.6) |
26 (26.3) |
9 (4.5) |
<0.0005 |
6.2 (2.7-14.2) |
<0.0005 |
Histrionic |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
Narcissisitic |
1 (0.3) |
0 |
1 (0.5) |
0.5 |
- |
- |
Cluster C |
30 (10.0) |
14 (14.1) |
16 (7.9) |
0.09 |
1.6 (0.7-3.4) |
0.3 |
Evasive |
12 (4.) |
9 (9.1) |
3 (1.5) |
0.002 |
9.8 (2.3-41.0) |
0.002 |
Dependent |
19 (6.3) |
10 (10.1) |
9 (4.5) |
0.06 |
3.4 (1.2-9.4) |
0.02 |
Obsessive-compulsive |
26 (8.6) |
14 (14.1) |
12 (5.9) |
0.02 |
2.0 (0.9-4.7) |
0.1 |
Depressive |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personality traits6, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neuroticism-score |
11.6 (6.3) |
14.0 (5.5) |
10.5 (6.3) |
<0.0005 |
-2.7 (-4.4- -1.0) |
0.002 |
Extroversion-score |
11.5 (5.4) |
11.4 (5.7) |
11.5 (5.3) |
0.9 |
-0.05 (-1.6-1.5) |
1.0 |
|
Anxiety score7, mean (SD) |
10.2 (6.2) |
10.7 (5.7) |
10.0 (6.4) |
0.4 |
0.1 (-1.4-1.7) |
0.9 |
|
Family history of psychiatric illness in 1. generation, N (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depression |
87 (28.9) |
33 (33.3) |
54 (26.7) |
0.2 |
1.4 (0.8-2.5) |
0.20 |
Any psychiatric illness |
199 (66.1) |
67 (67.7) |
132 (65.3) |
0.7 |
1.0 (0.6-1.6) |
0.9 |
|
Family history of suicide in 1. generation, N (%) |
10 (3.3) |
2 (2.0) |
8 (4.0) |
0.4 |
0.5 (0.1-2.3) |
0.3 |
|
One or more stressful life events8, N (%) |
189 (62.8) |
46 (46.5) |
143 (70.8) |
<0.0005 |
0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
0.001 |
1 P-values (2-sided) in univariate analyses comparing patients with early and late onset (χ2-test categorical data and t-test for continuous data).
2 Correlation coefficients in multiple regression models / odds-ratios in logistic regression models; the effect of age-of-onset adjusted for the affect of gender.
3 P-values (2-sided) in the regression models.
4 According to Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN).
5 According to The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II).
6 According to Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).
7 According to Symptom Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety, Anxiety Subscale.
8 According to Interview of Recent Life Events (IRLE).