Table 4: Studies reporting outcomes of nipple reconstructions by means of autologous grafts and traditional flaps.

Alloplastic Implants Authors N° Patients Grafts size Projection (mm) Follow-up (months) Final projection (mm) Projection loss (%) Satisfaction rate (%)
Polyurethane-coated silicone gel implant Hallock [46] 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A
Injectable calcium hydroxyapatite embedded in a cellulose gel Evans et al. [47] 6 0.4-1.0 mL N/A 6 N/A N/A 100%
Hyaluronic acid + labia minora
Hyaluronic acid + nipple sharing
Panettiere et al. [7] 70
20
0.2 mL
0.2 mL
6.6
6.2
12
12
5.6
3.5
15.2
43.5
N/A
N/A
Artificial bone Yanaga [48] 100 N/A N/A N/A N/A 19.5 N/A
Polytetrafluoroethylene Wong et al. [49] 17 3.5 mm N/A N/A 4-5 N/A 88
Silicone + C-V flap Jankau et al. [50] 30 N/A 16.73 10 11.2 33.9 N/A