| Study Variables | No Retinopathy | Retinopathy (Any Type of Retinopathy) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | P | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <30 | 10 | 33.3 | 5 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
| 30-44 | 5 | 16.7 | 10 | 7.5 | |
| 45-59 | 13 | 43.3 | 67 | 50.0 | |
| 60+ | 2 | 6.7 | 52 | 38.8 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 18 | 60.0 | 85 | 63.4 | 0.73 |
| Male | 12 | 40.0 | 49 | 36.6 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Type-II DM (compared to type-I) | |||||
| Type-I | 15 | 50.0 | 45 | 33.6 | 0.09 |
| Type-II | 15 | 50.0 | 89 | 66.4 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Duration of DM (years)-categories | |||||
| <5 | 15 | 50.0 | 9 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
| 5-9 | 8 | 26.7 | 27 | 20.1 | |
| 10-14 | 6 | 20.0 | 32 | 23.9 | |
| 15-19 | 1 | 3.3 | 32 | 23.9 | |
| 20+ | 0 | 0.0 | 34 | 25.4 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Treated with insulin (solo or in combination with oral hypoglycaemics) compared to oral hypoglycaemics | |||||
| Oral hypoglycaemic agent | 13 | 43.3 | 66 | 49.3 | 0.56 |
| Insulin | 17 | 56.7 | 68 | 50.7 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Negative | 23 | 76.7 | 60 | 44.8 | 0.002 |
| Positive | 7 | 23.3 | 74 | 55.2 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Dyslipidaemia | |||||
| Negative | 19 | 63.3 | 64 | 47.8 | 0.12 |
| Positive | 11 | 36.7 | 70 | 52.2 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| Negative | 29 | 96.7 | 117 | 87.3 | 0.14 |
| Positive | 1 | 3.3 | 17 | 12.7 | |
| Total | 30 | 100.0 | 134 | 100.0 | |