Table 2: Behavioral risk factors and its association with opportunistic pathogens in HIV infected patients.
-
|
Cyclospora spp |
|
Cryptosporidium spp |
|
Microsporidium spp |
|
-
|
Pos (%) |
Neg (%) |
X2 |
Pos (%) |
Neg (%) |
X2 |
Pos (%) |
Neg (%) |
X2 |
Drinking water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pipe borne water |
13(61.9) |
8(38.1) |
|
16(76.2) |
5(23.8) |
|
6(28.6) |
15(71.4) |
|
Sachet water |
3(10.7) |
25(89.3) |
|
7(25.0) |
21(75.0) |
|
2 (7.1) |
26(92.9) |
|
Bore hole water |
0 (0.0) |
1(100.0) |
14.931*** |
0 (0.0) |
1(100.0) |
13.528*** |
0 (0.0) |
1(100.0) |
4.294 NS
|
Hand washing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Always |
9(31.0) |
20(69.0) |
|
14(48.3) |
15(51.7) |
|
4(13.8) |
25(86.2) |
|
Sometimes |
3(25.0) |
9(75.0) |
|
6(50.0) |
6(50.0) |
|
0 (0.0) |
12(100.0) |
|
Never/rarely |
4 (44.4) |
5(55.6) |
0.923 NS
|
3(33.3) |
6(66.7) |
0.719 NS
|
4(44.4) |
5 (55.6) |
7.809* |
Toilet facility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Water closet (personal) |
4 (36.4) |
7 (63.6) |
|
6 (54.5) |
5 (45.5) |
|
2 (18.2) |
9 (81.8) |
|
Public toilet |
11 (34.4%) |
21 (65.6%) |
|
14 (43.75%) |
18 (56.25%) |
|
6 (18.75%) |
26 (81.25%) |
|
Household toilet |
0 (0.0) |
2 (100.0) |
|
0 (0.0) |
2 (100.0) |
|
0 (0.0) |
2 (100.0) |
|
Open defecation |
1 (20.0) |
4 (80.0) |
12.463** |
3 (60.0) |
2 (40.0) |
2.487 NS
|
0 (0.0) |
5 (100.0) |
1.552 NS
|
Fruit washing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Always |
7 (35.0) |
13 (65.0) |
|
11 (55.0) |
9 (45.0) |
|
5 (25.0) |
15 (75.0) |
|
Sometimes |
7 (30.4) |
16 (69.6) |
|
10 (43.5) |
13 (56.5) |
|
1 (4.3) |
22 (95.7) |
|
Never/rarely |
2 (28.6) |
5 (71.4) |
0.146 NS
|
2 (28.6) |
5 (71.4) |
1.567 NS
|
2 (28.6) |
5 (71.4) |
4.352 NS
|
NS significant (p>0.05); * Significant (p<0.05); ** Significant (p<0.01); *** Significant (p<0.001)