Table 5: Multivariate-adjusted odds to test the strength of association between behavioral risk factors and protozoan pathogens among HIV infected individuals.
| -
|
Cyclospora spp |
Cryptosporidium spp |
Microsporidium spp |
|
OR (95% CI) |
p |
OR (95% CI) |
P |
OR (95% CI) |
P |
| Drinking water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pipe borne water |
1.00¶ (referent) |
|
1.00¶ (referent) |
|
1.00¶ (referent) |
|
| Sachet water |
0.07 (0.02-0.33) |
<0.001 |
0.10 (0.03-0.39) |
<0.001 |
1.30 (0.27-6.20) |
0.738 |
| Bore hole water |
0.02 (0.01-5.77) |
0.356 |
0.11 (0.00-3.14) |
0.198 |
1.76 (0.06-52.71) |
0.744 |
| Hand washing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Always |
1.00£ (referent) |
|
1.00£ (referent) |
|
1.00£ (referent) |
|
| Sometimes |
0.74 (0.16-3.40) |
0.700 |
1.07 (0.28-4.12) |
0.920 |
4.41 (0.22-88.54) |
0.332 |
| Never/rarely |
1.78 (0.38-8.23) |
0.462 |
0.54 (0.11-2.56) |
0.435 |
20.45 (0.93-449.12) |
0.050 |
| Toilet facility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water closet (personal) |
1.00λ (referent) |
|
1.00λ (referent) |
|
1.00λ (referent) |
|
| Public toilet |
0.92 (0.22-3.83) |
0.905 |
0.17 (0.01-4.33) |
0.283 |
0.76 (0.03-21.46) |
0.872 |
| Household toilet |
0.33 (0.01-8.63) |
0.508 |
0.65 (0.16-2.57) |
0.537 |
1.04 (0.18-6.10) |
0.967 |
| Open defecation |
0.44 (0.04-5.40) |
0.512 |
1.25 (0.15-10.70) |
0.839 |
6.75 (0.64-71.18) |
0.112 |
| Fruit washing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Always |
1.00ψ (referent) |
|
1.00ψ (referent) |
|
1.00ψ (referent) |
|
| Sometimes |
0.81 (0.23-2.92) |
0.750 |
0.63 (0.19-2.10) |
0.452 |
0.60 (0.12-3.08) |
0.540 |
| Never/rarely |
0.74 (0.11-4.87) |
0.757 |
0.33 (0.05-2.11) |
0.240 |
0.67 (0.06-7.23) |
0.739 |
¶ Adjusted variables other than source of drinking water
ψ Adjusted variables other than fruit washing
λ Adjusted variables other than toilet facility
£ Adjusted variables other than hand washing