Table 2: Logistic regression analysis describing correlates of patient's demographic and clinical characteristic with occurrence of initial HAART regimen modification among HIV-infected children.

Variables Logistic univariate analysis Logistic multivariate analysis
Crude OR 95% CI p-valuea Adjusted OR 95% CI p-valuea
Sex
Female 1.000
Male 0.998 0.415-2.399 0.996
Race
Malay 1.000
Chinese 1.154 0.321-4.145 0.826
Indian 1.538 0.163-14.486 0.707
Indigenous 1.538 0.163-14.486 0.707
Others 0.215 0.067-0.689 0.010
Age on HAART initiation
< 1 year 1.000
1 year to < 10 years 1.316 0.504-3.432 0.575
10 years to 19 years 0.947 0.076-11.870 0.967
Main caretaker
Biological parent 1.000
Adoptive parent 2.077 0.388-11.121 0.393
Relatives 1.615 0.438-5.956 0.471
Children's home 1.015 0.369-2.797 0.976
Adherenceb
Good 1.000
Poor 5.833 1.836-18.538 0.003 5.250 1.614-17.076 0.006
Antiretroviral exposure before HAARTc
No 1.000
Yes 8.500 1.074-67.295 0.043
Initial HAART regimend
2 NRTI plus NVP 1.000
2 NRTI plus EFV 2.078 0.713-6.060 0.180
2 NRTI plus PI 3.562 0.926-13.710 0.065
Baseline immunodeficiency at HAART initiatione
Not significant 1.000
Mild 0.741 0.100-5.490 0.769
Advanced 0.578 0.091-3.663 0.560
Severe 0.392 0.076-2.029 0.264
WHO clinical stage at HAART initiation
Stage I (n=20) 1.000
Stage II (n=7) 1.059 0.092-12.234 0.963
Stage III (n=31) 0.507 0.117-2.201 0.365
Stage IV (n=29) 0.217 0.052-0.907 0.036

a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant b NRTI -Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NVP- nevirapine, EFV-efavirenz, LR-lopinavir/ritonavir
c CD4% counts categorized as not significant was defined as CD4% >35% for children less than 11 months or >30% for children 12-35 months or >25% for children 36-59 months or >500 cell/mm3 for children 5 years and older. CD4% counts categorized as mild was defined as CD4 30-35% for children less than 11 months or CD4 25-30% for children 12-35 months or 20-25% for children 36-59 months or CD4 350-499 cell/mm3 for children 5 years and older. CD4% counts categorized as advanced was defined as CD4 25-29% for children less than 11 months or CD4 20-24% for children 12-35 months or CD4 15-19% for children 36-59 months or CD4 200-349 cell/mm3 for children 5 years and older. CD4% counts categorized as severe was defined as CD4 <25% for children less than 11 months or CD4 <20% for children 12-35 months or CD4 <15% for children 36- 59 months or CD4 <200cell/mm3 for children 5 years and older [12, 13].