Table 2: A Relationship-Oriented Ecological Framework Applied to Sexual Risk Behavior Among African American, Methamphetamine-Involved Male Couples

Ontogenic Level
  • HIV/STI knowledge
  • Perceived threat of HIV/STIs
  • Race/ethnicity: HIV, sexual identity
  • Condom use self-efficacy
  • Condom use outcome expectancies
  • Condom use intentions
  • Methamphetamine use outcome expectations
  • Methamphetamine use outcome expectancies

Microlevel
  • Couple condom negotiation-efficacy
  • Couple sexual communication skills
  • Couple sexual satisfaction
  • Couple sexual decision-making power
  • Race/ethnicity and the relationship w/MSM partner
  • Impact of methamphetamine use and sexual risk on relationship

Exolevel
  • Social support for risk reduction
  • Peers/community treatment regarding race/ethnicity and sexual identity
  • Peer norms about the threat of HIV
  • Peer norms about safer sex/condom use
  • Peer norms about methamphetamine

Macrosystem
  • Sex and methamphetamine/drug use culture among MSM
  • Anti-racism: e.g., race-based oppression, disenfranchisement, and stigma
  • Anti-heterocentrism: e.g., sexuality-based oppression, disenfranchisement, stigma, and invisibility