Table 2: Crude and Adjusted Relative Risks between Reported Repeat Positive Western blot (WB) Results and Demographic Characteristics, Risk Behaviors, and Disease Outcomes

Characteristic Repeat Positive WB Results1 No Repeat Positive WB Results1 Crude Adjusted2
N % N % RR3 95% CI3 RR 95% CI
Total 4,311 34.5 8,193 65.5
Gender
Male 2,781 64.5 5,860 71.5 1.00 -
Female 1,530 35.5 2,333 28.5 1.23 (1.17, 1.29)
Age (Years)
18-19 173 4.0 172 2.1 1.00 - 1.00 -
20-24 620 14.4 769 9.4 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) 0.93 (0.83, 1.04)
25-29 645 15.0 1,039 12.7 0.76 (0.68, 0.86) 0.81 (0.72, 0.91)
30-39 1,526 35.4 2,569 31.4 0.74 (0.66, 0.83) 0.78 (0.70, 0.87)
40-49 967 22.4 2,352 28.7 0.58 (0.52, 0.65) 0.62 (0.55, 0.69)
50+ 380 8.8 1,292 15.8 0.45 (0.40, 0.52) 0.52 (0.45, 0.59)
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic, white 670 15.5 2,209 27.0 1.00 - 1.00 -
Non-Hispanic, black 3,479 80.7 5,566 67.9 1.65 (1.54, 1.77) 1.52 (1.42, 1.64)
Hispanic 125 2.9 330 4.0 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) 1.14 (0.97, 1.34)
Other4 37 0.9 88 1.1 1.27 (0.96, 1.68) 1.15 (0.89, 1.49)
Residence5
Urban 2,494 57.9 4,802 58.6 1.00 -
Rural 1,099 25.5 1,944 23.7 1.06 (0.98, 1.13)
Unknown 718 16.7 1,447 17.7 0.97 (0.89, 1.05)
Risk Category6
Male-male sex 1,124 26.1 2,719 33.3 1.00 - 1.00 -
Heterosexual 1,597 37.1 2,234 27.3 1.43 (1.34, 1.52) 1.36 (1.28, 1.45)
IDU 433 10.1 600 7.3 1.43 (1.31, 1.56) 1.50 (1.37, 1.63)
Male-male sex/IDU 112 2.6 157 1.9 1.42 (1.23, 1.65) 1.48 (1.28, 1.71)
NIR/NRR 1,039 24.1 2,463 30.1 1.01 (0.95, 1.09) 1.08 (1.01, 1.16)
Vital Status at Data Linkage
Alive 3,543 82.2 6,606 80.6 1.00 -
Deceased 768 17.8 1,587 19.4 0.93 (0.88, 1.00)
Disease Stage Based on Timing of AIDS Diagnosis7
Early 1,534 35.6 3,442 42.0 1.00 - 1.00 -
Intermediate 1,391 32.3 1,122 13.7 1.80 (1.70, 1.90) 1.70 (1.61, 1.80)
Late 1,386 32.2 3,629 44.3 0.90 (0.84, 0.95) 0.99 (0.93, 1.05)
Source of Report8
CHD 1,256 29.1 1,968 24.0 1.00 - 1.00 -
Group/MD 732 17.0 1,710 20.9 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) 0.88 (0.82, 0.95)
Hospital 967 22.4 2,508 30.6 0.71 (0.67, 0.77) 0.85 (0.80, 0.92)
State facility 515 12.0 536 6.5 1.26 (1.17, 1.36) 1.21 (1.12, 1.30)
Federal facility 60 1.4 334 4.0 0.39 (0.31, 0.50) 0.46 (0.37, 0.59)
Another state 536 12.4 831 10.2 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) 1.14 (1.05, 1.23)
Other 224 5.2 244 3.0 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) 1.27 (1.15, 1.40)
Unknown 21 0.5 60 0.7 0.67 (0.46, 0.96) 0.85 (0.59, 1.24)

1 Repeat Positive: eligible study individuals who had additional confirmatory Western blots (WB) tests obtained ≥90 days after initial diagnosis. Each positive WB obtained after ≥90 days was considered a separate result. No Repeat Positive: eligible study individuals who had confirmatory Western blot tests all obtained <90 days after initial diagnosis. All considered a single test for analysis purposes.
2 Adjusted associations are only reported for the final model. Gender, place of residence, and vital status were not significant in adjusted models and not included in the final model.
3 RR indicates relative risk of having a repeat positive Western blot > 90 days after the initial diagnosis. CI indicates confidence interval.
4 Race/Ethnicity: Other includes Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, legacy Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and multiracial individuals.
5 Residence is missing for 1,959 observations.
6 Risk Category: Other modes of exposure, including an adult receiving clotting factor, transfusion, or transplant, were excluded from the analysis due to small numbers (n=26). IDU: intravenous drug use; NIR/NRR: no identified risk/no risk factor reported.
7 Disease Stage: Intermediate Diagnosis was defined as the development of AIDS >1 year after the first positive HIV test; Late Diagnosis was defined as the development of AIDS <1 year after the first positive HIV test; and Early Diagnosis was defined as no AIDS diagnosis over the study period.
8 Source of report (facility type that ordered the testing) of initial HIV diagnosis: CHD = County health department; Group/MD = Group practice/private physician; State facility includes Dept. of Mental Health and state prisons; Other includes blood banks, for insurance purposes, etc.