Table 2: Nonadherence to ART During the Past 48 Hours–United States, Medical Monitoring Project, 2007-2008

Currently Taking ART Dosea Scheduleb Instructionc
Nonadherence Nonadherence Nonadherence
n = 3307 n = 444
Chi-Square Test for Differences (p Value)		 n = 893
Chi-Square Test for Differences (p Value)		 n = 638
Chi-Square Test for Differences (p Value)
Characteristic  No.     %   No.     %   No.     %   No.     %
 Gender
    Male  2431     74  293     66    15.6  2591    66    34.68  462    72    1.60
   Female  830     25  145     33    (0.00)  289   32   (<.0001)  167   26   (0.45)
    Transgender  45      1  6       1  13    1  9    1
 Age (years)
    18-24  45      1  18      4     11.33  21    2    12.48  17    3    25.85
    25-34  280      8  43      10    (0.00)  83    9    (0.00)  68    11    (<.0001)
    35-44  1039     31  135     30  300    34  226    35
    45-54  1311     40  182     41  340    38  245    38
    ≤55  632     19  66     15  149    17  82    13
 Race/ethnicity
    Black, non-Hispanic  1254     38  208    47    33.14  400    45    64.78  243    38    0.86
    Hispanic  663     20  102    23    (<.0001)  219    25    (<.0001)  146    23    (0.83)
    White, non-Hispanic  1173    36  105    24  230    26  207    32
    Other  212     6  29     7  44    5  42    7
 Education
    < High School  729     22  111    25    2.68  250    28    25.41  149    23    0.88
    ≥ High School or equivalent  2576     78  332    75    (0.10)  643    72    (<.0001)  488    77    (0.35)
 Public assistance, past 12 months
    No  1639    50  184    41    13.58  380    43    23.85  323    51    0.03
    Yes  1667    50  260    59    (0.00)  513    57    (<.0001)  315    49    (0.86)
 Lapse in health coverage, past 12 months
    No  2491    76  327    74    0.64  671    75    0.04  453    71    0.94
    Yes  808     24  115    26    (0.42)  220    25    (0.84)  185    29    (0.33)
 Homeless, past 12 months
    No  3080    93  398    90    9.81  808    90    13.63  581    91    3.47
    Yes  227     7  46    10    (0.00)  85    10    (0.00)  57    9    (0.06)
 Years since HIV diagnosis
    ≤ 1  18      1  <5     <1    6.29  <5     <1    4.00  <5     1    1.03
    2-5  616     20  69    17    (0.01)  140    17    (0.05)  131    22    (0.31)
    6-10  764     25  93    22  219    26  147    25
    11-25  1711     55  254    61  467    56  315    53
 Knew most recent HIV viral load test result
    No  639     20  108    25    8.14  238    27    44.22  104    17    2.25
    Yes  2587     80  326    75    (0.00)  629    73    (<.0001)  513    83    (0.13)
 Most recent HIV viral load test result
    Undetectable  2056    62  218    49    44.11  438    49    49.47  384    60    4.48
    Detectable but <5000  307     9  54    12    (<.0001)  104    12    (<.0001)  73    11    (0.03)
     ≥5000-<100000  166     5  36    8  61    7  41    6
     ≥100000  58      2  18    4  26    3  15    2
    Missing  720     22  118    27  264    30  125    20
  Feeling downhearted and depressed, past 4 weeks
    All of the time  140     4  36    8    29.39  39    4    12.11  32    5    14.15
    Most of the time  315    10  56    13    (<.0001)  104    12    (0.00)  67    11    (0.00)
    Some of the time  992    30  143    32  287    32  212    33
    A little of the time  799    24  97    22  215    24  165    26
     None of the time   1054   32   110     25   245     28   158     25
 Crack use, past 12 months
    No  3128    95  403    91    18.36  829    93    8.00  597    94    4.69
    Yes  167    5  41    9    (<.0001)  61    7    (0.00)  39    6    (0.03)
  Amphetamine use, past 12 months
    No  3142    95  418    94    1.72  842    95    0.74  601    95    3.30
   Yes   152    5   26     6     (0.19)   46     5     (0.39)   34     5     (0.07)
 Binge drinking, past 30 days
    No  2864    87  359    81    16.42  745    84    11.41  519    82    29.95
    Yes  426     13  84    19    (<.0001)  144    16    (0.00)  115    18    (<.0001)
  Discussed resistance with provider, past 12 months
    No  1174    36  128    29    10.12  310    35    0.24  197    31    0.33
    Yes   2079    64   309     71     (0.00)   567     65     (0.62)   431     69     (0.56)

Note: ART, antiretroviral therapy; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category; NS, not significant.
a Dose nonadherence refers to not taking a dose or set of pills/spoonfuls/injections of ARV medications.
b Schedule nonadherence refers to not following a specific schedule for ARV medication, such as “2 times a day” or “every 8 hours.”
c Instruction nonadherence refers to not following special instructions for ARV medication, such as “take with food” or “take on an empty stomach.” Dietary instruction adherence is only calculated for those participants reporting having special instructions for their ARV medications.