Table 3: Logistic Regression Models of Factors Associated with Nonadherence to ART During the Past 48 Hours–United States, Medical Monitoring Project, 2007-2008

Dosea Nonadherence
(N = 3307)
Scheduleb Nonadherence
(N = 3298)
Instructionc Nonadherence
(N = 2101)

Characteristic OR
(95% CI) aOR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI)

Gender   NS
 Male Ref           Ref Ref           Ref
 Female 1.55 (1.24-1.92)   1.36 (1.07-1.74) 1.66 (1.40-1.97)   1.46 (1.20-1.76)
 Transgender 1.12 (0.47-2.68)   0.62 (0.21-1.80) 1.26 (0.66-2.42)   0.99 (0.49-2.01)

Age (years) 0.98 (0.97-0.99)   0.98 (0.96-0.99) 0.99 (0.98-0.99)   0.98 (0.98-0.99) 0.97 (0.96-0.98)   0.98 (0.97-0.99)

Race/ethnicity   NS
 Black, non-Hispanic 2.02 (1.58-2.60)  1.96 (1.48-2.59) 1.93 (1.60-2.32)  1.56 (1.27-1.93)
 Hispanic 1.85 (1.38-2.47)   1.63 (1.18-2.24) 2.03 (1.63-2.52)   1.59 (1.25-2.02)
 White, non-Hispanic Ref          Ref Ref           Ref
 Other 1.61 (1.04-2.50)   1.55 (0.96-2.51) 1.07 (0.75-1.54)  0.97 (0.66-1.41)

Education   NS   NS
 < high school Ref           Ref
 ≥ high school or equivalent 0.64 (0.53-0.76)   0.78 (0.64-0.95)

Homeless, past 12 months
 No Ref           Ref Ref           Ref Ref           Ref
 Yes 1.71 (1.22-2.41)   - 1.69 (1.28-2.24)   1.43 (1.05-1.95) 1.38 (0.98-1.94)   -

Public assistance, past 12 months   NS
 No Ref           Ref Ref           Ref
 Yes 1.46 (1.19-1.79)   1.31 (1.05-1.65) 1.47 (1.26-1.72)   1.35 (1.14-1.60)

Feeling downhearted and depressed, past 4 weeks
 All of the time 2.97 (1.94-4.56)   2.63 (1.64-4.22) 1.27 (0.86-1.89)   - 1.81 (1.13-2.89)   1.61 (0.98-2.64)
 Most of the time 1.86 (1.31-2.63)   1.81 (1.23-2.66) 1.63 (1.24-2.14)   - 1.63 (1.15-2.30)   1.54 (1.07-2.22)
 Some of the time 1.45 (1.11-1.89)   1.37 (1.02-1.83) 1.35 (1.11-1.65)   - 1.56 (1.22-1.99)   1.51 (1.17-1.95)
 A little of the time 1.19 (0.89-1.59)   1.20 (0.88-1.64) 1.22 (0.99-1.51)   - 1.50 (1.16-1.94)   1.51 (1.15-1.98)
 None of the time Ref           Ref Ref           Ref Ref           Ref

Crack use, past 12 months
 No Ref           Ref Ref           Ref Ref           Ref
 Yes 2.19 (1.52-3.17)  1.66 (1.09-2.52) 1.59 (1.15-2.20)   - 1.58 (1.04-2.40)   -

Amphetamine use, past 12 months   NS   NS
 No Ref           Ref
 Yes 1.50 (0.97-2.33)   -

Binge drinking, past 30 days
 No Ref           Ref Ref           Ref Ref           Ref
 Yes 1.71 (1.32-2.23)   1.63 (1.21-2.20) 1.45 (1.17-1.81)   1.55 (1.23-1.96) 2.08 (1.60-2.72)   1.88 (1.41-2.49)

Years since HIV diagnosis 1.02 (1.00-1.03)   1.02 (1.00-1.04) NS 0.98 (0.97-1.00)   -

Number of ARV doses per day 1.16 (1.10-1.23)   1.18 (1.10-1.25) 1.13 (1.08-1.19)   1.16 (1.11-1.22) NS

Knew most recent HIV viral load test result   NS
 No 1.41 (1.11-1.79)  - 1.86 (1.55-2.23)  1.48 (1.21-1.82)
 Yes Ref           Ref Ref           Ref

Discussed resistance with provider, past 12 months   NS   NS
 No Ref           Ref
 Yes 1.43 (1.15-1.78)   -

Note: ART, antiretroviral therapy; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category; NS, not significant.
a Dose nonadherence refers to not taking a dose or set of pills/spoonfuls/injections of ARV medications.
b Schedule nonadherence refers to not following a specific schedule for ARV medication, such as “2 times a day” or “every 8 hours.”
c Instruction nonadherence refers to not following special instructions for ARV medication, such as “take with food” or “take on an empty stomach.” Dietary instruction adherence is only calculated for those participants reporting having special instructions for their ARV medications.