Table 1: Critical appraisal tool for evaluating eligibility of the selected studies.

1 Did the study ask a clearly-focused question/Purpose? Score
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
2 Was the sampling method representative of the population intended for the study?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
3 Did the study have enough participants to minimise the play of chance?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
4 Was this a randomised controlled trial (RCT)?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
5 Were participants appropriately allocated to intervention and control groups?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
6 Were participants, staff and study personnel ‘blind’ to participants’ study group?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
7 Were the groups similar at baseline?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
8 Were all of the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
9 Was the follow-up the same way for all groups?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0
10 Were the actual p-values reported?  
A. Yes 1
B. No 0

Scoring method: Total score divided by total number of all applicable items multiplied by 100.Grading of the quality assessment checklist for observation (QACO) score: Low Moderate High 0-33% 34-66% 67-100%