| Authors | Variables | Control Group | Experimental Group | Between Groups | p-Value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre+ | Post+ | Diff. | % Change | Pre+ | Post+ | Diff. | % Change | Diff. | % Change | |||
| Spence et al. (1990) |
Body Mass (kg) | 69.3 | 67.4 | -1.9 | -2.7 | 70.8 | 72.5 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 0.000 |
| Sum of Skinfolds (mm) | 61.9 | 57.0 | -4.9 | -7.9 | 65.4 | 70.5 | 5.1 | 7.8 | 10.0 | 15.7 | 0.009 | |
| Sum of Limb Girths (cm) | 78.5 | 76.3 | -2.2 | -2.8 | 80.2 | 83.7 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 0.003 | |
| Sattler et al. (1999) |
Body Mass (kg) | 73.3 | 76.5 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 70.9 | 74.9 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | NS |
| Fat Mass (kg) | 13.6 | 13.1 | -0.5 | -3.7 | 13.2 | 12 | -1.2 | -9.1 | -0.7 | -5.4 | NS | |
| Fat Free Mass (kg) | 57.1 | 61 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 55.3 | 60.5 | 5.2 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 2.6 | NS | |
| Body cell mass (kg) | 29.5 | 32.1 | 2.6 | 8.8 | 28.7 | 31.6 | 2.9 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 | NS | |
| Thigh Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (mm2) | 12933 | 14471 | 1538.0 | 11.9 | 12172 | 13652 | 1480.0 | 12.2 | -58.0 | 0.3 | NS | |
| Quadriceps Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (mm2) | 6683 | 7388 | 705.0 | 10.5 | 6322 | 7049 | 727.0 | 11.5 | 22.0 | 1.0 | NS | |
| Hamstrings Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (mm2) | 6200 | 7042 | 842.0 | 13.6 | 5818 | 6588 | 770.0 | 13.2 | -72.0 | -0.3 | NS | |
| Bhasin et al. (2000) |
Body Mass (kg) # | 76.7 | 76.1 | -0.6 | -0.8 | 73 | 75.6 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 4.3 | <.05 |
| Fat Mass (kg)# | 16.6 | 16.5 | -0.1 | -0.6 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 4.6 | NR | |
| Free Free Mass (kg)# | 60.1 | 59.6 | -0.5 | -0.8 | 57.9 | 59.9 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 4.3 | NR | |
| TBW (kg) # | 43.8 | 43.5 | -0.3 | -0.7 | 42.3 | 43.7 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 4.0 | NR | |
| TBW:FFM (ratio) | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.0 | -2.6 | 0.0 | -1.3 | NR | |
| Thigh muscle volume (cm3) (MRI) | NR | NR | 5 | NC | NR | NR | 62 | NC | 57 | NC | <.01 | |
| Body Mass (kg) ‡ | 74.3 | 72.1 | -2.2 | -3.0 | 63.9 | 74 | 10.1 | 15.8 | 12.3 | 18.8 | NR | |
| Fat Mass (kg)‡ | 17.7 | 15.6 | -2.1 | -11.9 | 13.4 | 15.6 | 2.2 | 16.4 | 4.3 | 28.3 | NR | |
| Fat Free Mass (kg)‡ | 56.6 | 56.5 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 50.5 | 58.4 | 7.9 | 15.6 | 8.0 | 15.8 | NR | |
| Lean Body Mass arms (kg)‡ | 6.7 | 6.9 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 0.5 | 7.7 | 0.3 | 4.7 | NR | |
| Lean Body Mass legs (kg)‡ | 17.3 | 17.5 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 17.1 | 17.8 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 2.9 | NR | |
| Lean Body Mass trunk (kg)‡ | 26.3 | 26.0 | -0.3 | -1.1 | 25.9 | 27.2 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 6.2 | NR | |
| Shevitz et al. (2005) |
Body Mass Index (kg.m-2) | 20.8 | 21.2 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 20.6 | 20.99 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NS |
| Fat Free Mass (kg) | 53.3 | 54.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 45.2 | 46.37 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | NS | |
| Leg Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (cm2) | 122.3 | 124.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 113.1 | 118.4 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | NS | |