Table 6: Percent change in body composition (from pre- to post-test) for the four progressive resistance training (PRT) studies.

Authors Variable Measured in
Multiple Studies		 Variable Measured in One Study Only
BM FFM FM MCSA legs SSF SLG TMV BMI LBM
Arms		 LBM
Legs		 LBM
Trunk		 MCSA
(Quads)		 MCSA
(Hams)		 TBW TBW:FFM BCM
Spence et al. (1990) + 5.1* 15.7* 7.2*
Sattler et al. (1999) + 1.3 2.6 -5.4 0.3 1.0 -0.3 1.3
Shevitz et al. (2005) + 0.9 3.1 0.0
Bhasin et al. (2000): DDM+ 4.3* 4.3 4.6 NC* 4.0 -1.3
Bhasin et al. (2000): DEXA+ 18.8 15.8 28.3 4.7 2.9 6.2
Number of studies 4 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Significant change
 (No. of studies)		 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Direction of change
per number of studies		 ↑ 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
↓ 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
↔ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Strength of change (%) 29.5 23.6 27.5 3.4 15.7 7.2 NC 0.0 4.7 2.9 6.2 1.0 -0.3 4.0 -1.3 1.3

BCM = body cell mass; BM = body mass; BMI = body mass index; DDM = deuterium oxide dilution method; DEXA = dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; FFM = fat free mass; FM = fat mass; hams = hamstrings; LBM = lean body mass; MCSA = muscle cross- sectional area; quads = quadriceps; SLG = sum of limb girths (arm and thigh); SSF = sum of skinfolds (chest, abdomen and thigh); TBW = total body water; TMV = thigh muscle volume; NC = not calculated.
↑ = increased; ↓ = deceased; ↔ = no change.
* Indicates significant change (p<0.05).
+ Values expressed as percentages.