Fig. (1) Significantly reduced synovial inflammation in joints of TNF-Tg/RANKL^-/- hybrid mice.(A) The severity of arthritis in TNFTg and TNF-Tg/RANKL^-/- hybrid mice was evaluated by swelling and joint deformation. Animals were examined once a week from 10- week-old until 17-week-old. (B) Representatives of H&E-stained knee joint sections from a TNF-Tg and a TNF-Tg/RANKL^-/- mouse (2X magnification). The synovial tissue is indicated by black arrow heads. (C) Histomorphometric analyses of knee joint sections were performed using Osteometric software. Values are presented as the mean plus SEM of 5 TNF-Tg/RANKL^-/- mice and 21 TNF-Tg mice from the same litters. (D) Serum human TNF transgene concentration in TNF-Tg and TNF-Tg/RANKL^-/- mice was measured by ELISA. Dot plot shows the value of individual mouse. &p< 0.05 vs TNF-Tg mice.