Fig. (2) Diurnal variations of global geomagnetic indices and La Serena (29°52'S; 71°15’W) ionospheric characteristics and vTEC for 3 September 2017. (a) kp. (b) Dst. (c) NmF2. (d) h’F/F2. (e) fmin. (f) vTEC. Open circles, black filled circles and a black line are observed values; black filled circles are for those values scaled as “doubtful” according to international accepted rules [34]. Red lines are for smoothed median values plus interquartile range and blue lines are for the median minus interquartile range for 17 quiet days.