Assessment of Soil Quality in Andosols Using Silvopastoral Systems

Table 1: Effect of the agro-ecosystems on the soil quality.

AES	pH (H₂O)	NH_4, ppm	SOM, %	P₂O₅, ppm	K₂O, meq 100 mL^-1	Ca, meq 100 mL^-1	Mg, meq 100 mL^-1
A1	5.637^a	121.583	14.650^b	34.667^a	.164^a	6.658	.737
A2	5.682^a	114.417	16.108^a	19.500^b	.194^a	7.708	.700
A3	5.556^b	116.000	16.227^a	33.483^a	.123^b	6.967	.617
SE±	.041	4.494	.541	3.332	.017	.542	.053
Sig.	.016	.261	.011	.000	.001	.156	.089

n= 12, p < .05, means with different superscript in the columns showed differences [³⁸], AES: Agro-ecosystems, A1: grasses and Alnus acuminata Kunth; A2: Grasses and Acacia melanoxylon A3: Rangeland