Fig. (7) Binding of dodecyl gallate to xanthine binding site in xanthine oxidase. Dodecyl gallate binds with Phe 1009 perpendicular to the pyrogallol moiety and Phe 914 stacking flat on top of the dodecyl group. Amino acid residues around the alkyl chain of dodecyl gallate indicate the hydrophobic protein pocket, and the alkyl chain interacts with them.