Table 3: Challenges faced during the implementation of LPC.

Challenges	Ballard [32]	Garza and Leong [33]	Alarcón and Diethelm [34]	Alarcón, et al. [35]	Fiallo and Revelo [17]	Kim and Jang [36]	Koskenvesa and Koskela [37]	Salem, et al. [38]	Arbulu and Soto [39]	Ansell, et al. [40]	Ballard, et al. [41]	Jang, et al. [42]	Novaes, et al. [43]	Kim, et al. [44]	Sterzi, et al. [45]	Alarcón, et al. [29]	AlSehaimi, et al. [23]	Hamzeh, et al. [46]	Jara, et al. [47]	Liu and Ballard [48]
Organizational inertia or resistance to change or “This is how I’ve always done it” attitude.		√		√	√		√	√		√	√	√			√		√
Lack of commitment to LPC implementation or negative attitude towards new systems.	√	√	√					√	√		√	√					√			√
Lack of human capital: Lack of understanding of new system.	√					√			√			√	√	√				√	√	√
Difficulty in making quality assignments, or lack of skills, training, and experience.	√			√		√	√	√			√							√	√
Lack of leadership or failure of management commitment.	√	√	√	√					√		√									√
Shortage of stakeholder support.	√	√						√					√
Lack of empowerment of field management or lengthy approval procedure from client and top management.												√					√			√
Poor use of information generated during implementation of LPC.	√											√				√
Contracting and legal issues or structure.	√	√
Partial or late implementation of LPC.			√	√													√			√
Bad team chemistry or lack of collaboration.											√
Bad work ethics and cultural issues.																	√
Short-term vision.				√													√
Misinterpretation of PPC indicator.		√		√
Extra resources or More paper work or Extra staff or more meeting or additional time.				√				√	√
Lack of physical integration of all the stakeholders.									√											√
Inadequate administration.				√													√
Parallel implementation with other improvement programs.				√