Fig. (4) Effects of DHA pre-treatment on caspase-3 activity in HG-treated VSMC. The VSMCs seeded in a 96-well plate were treated as described in the Methods section. The caspase 3 activity was examined by measuring the fluorescence of the N-Ac-DEVD-N’-MC-R110 substrate in the plate reader with an excitation wavelength at 485 nm and an emission wavelength at 535 nm. Data represents mean ± SD of 3 individual experiments with * P < 0.001 versus SHG, ** P < 0.001 versus IHG.