Fig. (9) Antioxidative compounds GERI-BP002A and carvedilol have pleiotropic effects on redox
state depending on concentration.At concentrations of 50 µM, these compounds caused apparent
oxidation as indicated by a decrease in FAM signal relative to vehicle treated cells. At lower
concentrations, there was an increase in FAM signal consistent with reduction. By comparison, selenomethionine, an augmenter of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase, caused a significant
increase in FAM signal consistent with reduction at all concentrations tested.