Table 5: Gaps of investigated factors.

Issues Based On:		Clinical Pathways Processes	Gaps in Investigated Factors
Literature Review	Preliminary Data
Lack of a system that supports the treatment process	There is no system support treatment process, no clinical pathways.	Medical process: the aim of this process is to manage and organize patients’ care plan. This process can be designed based on its characteristics: ▪ Timeline. ▪ Category of care. ▪ Outcome criteria. ▪ Variance record. ▪ Inpatient outcome.	Based on the issues and clinical pathways process, no factors support the medical process, such as care planning and discharge planning
Lack of information	No computerized system supports the treatment process. Communication is based on the synchronous type. The system should have three processes to solve the problems mentioned. Using synchronous types has disadvantages in providing information.
Poor communication and coordination		Administrative process: the aim of this process is to support the medical process. This process can be designed based on its characteristics: ▪ Resources utilization. ▪ Leadership. ▪ Communication. ▪ Care coordination.	Based on the issues and clinical pathways process, very few factors support these processes. For example, investigated factors have factors supporting communication, but we need more factors that support internal and external structure The investigated factors do not have any factors supporting these standards, such as communication protocols that standardize the communication among medical staff
Delay of communication
Lack of standard	No techniques (protocols) are used to standardize the communications, such as briefing, debriefing, and Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (SBAR), etc.	Decision-making and teamwork communication process: the aim of this process is to support the medical and administrative processes. This process can be designed based on its characteristics: ▪ Task. ▪ Teamwork. ▪ Knowledge. ▪ Technology. ▪ Context.