Fig. (9) Dark adaptation mediated by selected five genes. Phototransductional activation with dark adaptation is mediated by five clustered genes (adapted from Reactome). R* (here called MII) catalyzes GDP/GTP exchange (a), triggering GNAT1 – GTP complex, which binds and activates PDE6 (b). GRK (here GRK1) inhibition by recoverin promotes such activation (c).