| Type of Biomarker | Data from Research Studies | Potential Clinical Implications |
Author, Year Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
|
CD133 a marker of cancer stem-like cells in colorectal cancer |
CD133 is an efficient prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, according to the meta-analysis results | higher CD133 expression is correlated with worse disease-free survival & overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer; worse clinical outcome and clinicopathological factors (e.g.: T category, N category and vascular invasion in patients with colorectal cancer) have been associated with higher CD133 expression |
Chen S et al. 2013 [17] |
|
CD44 a hyaluronic acid receptor, a heat stable antigen, a surface marker, expressed by tumor cells |
adhesion & homing of CSCs to the stem cell niche; its expression varies at various tumor stages, and in different types of cancer |
the role of CD44 (as CSC surface marker) in tumor initiation, development, and metastasis has currently been analyzed | Jaggupilli et al. 2012 [18] |
|
EpCAM (CD326) (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) a glycoprotein, a marker for carcinoma |
cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, in cancer & stem cell signaling; characterized by high expression on rapidly proliferating tumors from epithelial tissue; cell surface expression of EpCAM can prevent cell-cell adhesion. |
EpCAM is not limited only to cell adhesion, but is also involved in various processes (e.g.: signaling, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation); EpCAM has prognostic relevance in carcinoma, inflammatory pathophysiology, and tissue development or regeneration, in addition to its role in epithelial homeostasis. |
Trzpis et al. 2007 [19] |