Table 1: Application of CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing system in cereal crops. Details on the name of the cereal crop, type of study, name of the promoter, method of transformation, and name of the gene-edited are added with respective references.
Name of the Plant |
Type of Study |
Cas9 Promoter |
sgRNA Promoter |
Method of Delivery |
Target Gene |
References |
Rice |
Functional genomics |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsSWEET14 and OsSWEET11
|
[31] |
|
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
OsU6-2 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsMYB1 |
[32] |
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsPDS, OsBADH, Os02g23823 and OsMPK2
|
[22] |
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
U3 or U6 |
Protoplast transformation |
MPK5 |
[17] |
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
OsU6-2 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ROC5, SPP and YSA
|
[34] |
Gene editing |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsPDS, OsPMS3, OsEPSPS, OsDERF1, OsMSH1, OsMYB5, OsMYB1, OsROC5, OsSPP and OsYSA**
|
[35] |
Genome editing |
2 × 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium- mediated |
TaLOX2 |
[22] |
Multiplex editing capability with the endogenous tRNA |
UBI |
OsU3 |
Agrobacterium- mediated |
OsMPKs |
[33] |
Multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants |
UBI/35S |
OsU3/U6 |
Agrobacterium- mediated |
46 genomic targets |
[18] |
Deletions and heritable small genetic changes induced |
UBI |
OsU6 |
Agrobacterium- mediated |
OsSWEET11, and OsSWEET14
|
[36] |
Functional studies |
OsUBI |
OsU6, OsU3, and TaU3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
GW2, GW5, and TGW6
|
[37] |
Functional studies |
35S |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsCYP97A4, OsDSM2, OsCCD4a, OsCCD4b, and OsCCD7
|
[38] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Gn1a, DEP1, GS3, and GLW2
|
[39] |
Functional genomics |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsRAV2 |
[40] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ALS |
[41] |
Knock-out |
pHUN411–C3C5 |
U3 |
Protoplast transformation |
EPSPS |
[42] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U3 or U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
TMS5 |
[36] |
Functional genomics |
2 × P35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ALS |
[41] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsERF922 |
[43] |
Knock-out |
pCXUN |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
SBEI and SBEIIb
|
[44] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6, U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsNramp5 |
[45] |
Functional studies |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsAnn3 |
[46] |
Knock-out |
OsUBI |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsCCD7 |
[47] |
Knock-out |
pZH |
U3 and U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsFAD2-1 |
[48] |
Knock-out |
UBI-1 |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsACC-T1OsALS-T1, OsCDC48-T3, OsDEP1-T1, OsDEP1-T2, and OsNRT1.1B-T1
|
[49] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
GS3, and Gn1a
|
[50] |
Functional studies |
CaMV 35S |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
GS9 |
[51] |
Functional studies |
35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Bsrk1 |
[52] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
SAPK2 |
[53] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
elF4G |
[54] |
Knock-out |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Waxy |
[55] |
Knock-out |
PUBI-H |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
OsRR22 |
[56] |
Knock-out |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Wx |
[57] |
Knock-out |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ISA1 |
[58] |
Wheat |
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Inox and PDS
|
[59] |
|
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
U6 |
Protoplast transformation |
MLO |
[11] |
Site-directed mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
U3 or U6 |
Particle bombardment |
TaMLO-A1, TaMLO-B1 and TaMLO-D1
|
[60] |
Genome editing in wheat through transient expression |
UBI |
TaU6 |
Particle bombardment |
immature embryos |
[61] |
Knock-out |
- |
- |
Protoplast transformation |
TaGW2(A1, -B1 and D1)
|
[62] |
Gene editing |
35S |
U6 |
Biolistic |
TaGASR7 |
[63] |
Functional genomics |
UBI |
U6 and U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
TaPDS |
[64] |
|
Functional genomics |
- |
TaU6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
TaDREB2 and TaERF3
|
[65] |
Knock-out |
2×35S |
U6 |
Biolostic |
TdGASR7 |
[66] |
Genome editing |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
TaCKX2-1, TaGLW7, TaGW2, and TaGW8
|
[67] |
Maize |
Targeted mutagenesis |
CaMV 35S |
ZmU3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ZmIPK |
[25] |
|
Targeted mutagenesis |
UBI |
ZmU6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ZmLIG1, ZmM26, Zm45, and ZmALS1
|
[68] |
Targeted mutagenesis |
UBI |
U6 |
Particle bombardment |
ALS2 |
[69] |
Genome editing |
2×35S |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Zmzb7 |
[27] |
Gene editing |
UBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
MYBR and AP2
|
[70] |
|
Genetic association |
GOS2 |
GOS2 |
Particle-bombarded |
ARGOS8 |
[71] |
Targeted mutagenesis |
UBI |
ZmU6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
Argonaute 18 |
[72] |
Knock-out |
- |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
MS8 |
[28] |
Knock-out |
35S |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
zyp1 |
[73] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ZmLG1 |
[74] |
Knock-out |
UBI |
U6 |
Particle bombardment |
SDN1 |
[75] |
Targeted mutagenesis |
UBI |
U3 and U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
20 genes |
[75] |
Gene editing |
35SPPDK |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
immature embryos |
[76] |
Sorghum |
Functional genomics |
Rice Actin 1 |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
DsRED2 |
[31] |
|
Gene editing |
ZmUBI |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
k1C |
[77] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
PMI |
[78] |
Gene editing |
ZmUBI |
U3 |
Particle bombardment |
CAD and PDS
|
[79] |
Barley |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
HvPM19 |
[80] |
|
Gene editing |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
hpt |
[81] |
Fragment Deletions and Small Indels |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
ENGase |
[29] |
Multiplex genome editing |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
HvCKX1 |
[82] |
|
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U3 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
HvMORC1 |
[30] |
Gene editing |
CaMV 35s |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
PDS1 |
[83] |
Functional studies |
ZmUBI |
- |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
dsRED |
[84] |
Knock-out |
ZmUBI |
U6 |
Agrobacterium-mediated |
hptII |
[85] |
Abbreviations used:
Ago; Argonaute, ALS; Aceto Lactate Synthase, Ann; Annexin, AP; Apetala, BADH; Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, CAD; Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase, CCD; Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase, CKX; Cytokinin oxidase, DREB; Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding protein, DsRED; Red fluorescent protein, ENGase; Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, EPSPS; Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate, ERF; Ethylene-responsive transcription factor, FAD; Fatty acid desaturase, GASR; GA-induced protein, Gn; Guanine-nucleotide, GW; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, Hv; Hordeum vulgare, Hpt; Homogentisatephytyltransferase, Hpt; Hygromycin phosphotransferase, Inox; Inositol oxygenase, IPK; Inositol polyphosphate multi kinase, ISA; Iso amylase, k1C; Alpha-Kafirin, LOX; lipoxygenase, MLO; Mildew resistance locus, MORC; Microrchidia, MPK; Mitogen activated Protein Kinases, MS; Male Sterility, MYB; Transcription factor MYB, Nramp; Metal transporter Nramp, Os; Oryza sativa, PDS; phytoenedesaturase, PM; Protein Membrane, PMI; Phosphor Mannose Isomerase, RAV; Transcription repressor RAV,ROC; Rice outermost cell-specific gene,RR22; Two-component response regulator, SAPK; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, SBE; Starch branching enzyme, SDN; Small RNA degrading nuclease, SPP; Stromal Processing Peptidase, SWEET; Bacterial blight susceptibility genes, Ta; Triticum aestivum, TMS; Thermo-sensitive genic Male Sterility, YSA; Young Seedling Albino, Zm; Zea mays.