Table A1: Equations and calculation processes for lithium supply chain model.

Variable Term Unit Equation Type of variable
SG(t) Global supply of chemical lithium Tonne LCE Stock
PChile(t) Lithium primary production by Chile Tonne LCE Flow
PAustralia(t) Lithium primary production by Australia Tonne LCE Flow
PArgentina(t) Lithium primary production by Argentina Tonne LCE Flow
PChina(t) Lithium primary production by China Tonne LCE Flow
PRest of World(t) Lithium primary production by countries including Brazil, Canada, Portugal, the US, and Zimbabwe Tonne LCE Flow
PrBrine(t) Brine Process Tonne LCE Flow
PrOre(t) Ore Process Tonne LCE Flow
SBrine(t) Stock of global Brine Tonne LCE Stock
SOre(t) Stock of global Ore Tonne LCE Stock
PrLiCl_1(t) Lithium chloride process from brine Tonne LCE Flow
Lithium carbonate process from brine Tonne LCE Flow
PrLiOH_1(t) Lithium hydroxide process from ore Tonne LCE Flow
Lithium carbonate process from ore Tonne LCE Flow
PrLi_Concentrate(t) Lithium concentrate process from ore Tonne LCE Flow
SLi_Concentrate(t) Stock of lithium concentrate Tonne LCE Stock
PrCG_2(t) Ceramic and glass process from lithium concentrate Tonne LCE Flow
SLiOH(t) Stock of lithium hydroxide Tonne LCE Stock
PrLiOH_2(t) Lithium hydroxide process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrB_2(t) Battery process from lithium hydroxide Tonne LCE Flow
Stock of lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Stock
PrLG(t) Lubricant and greases process from lithium hydroxide Tonne LCE Flow
PrCC(t) Continuous casting process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrLiCl_2(t) Lithium chloride process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrO_1(t) Other products process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrCG_1(t) Ceramic and glass process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrB_1(t) Battery process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
PrAl(t) Aluminum process from lithium carbonate Tonne LCE Flow
SCC(t) Stock of continuous casting Tonne LCE Stock
PrAT(t) Air treatment process from lithium chloride Tonne LCE Flow
SAT(t) Stock of Air treatment Tonne LCE Stock
SLiCl(t) Stock of lithium chloride Tonne LCE Stock
PrLi(t) Lithium metal process from lithium chloride Tonne LCE Flow
SLi(t) Stock of lithium metal Tonne LCE Stock
PrButyl(t) Butyl lithium process from lithium metal Tonne LCE Flow
PrO_2(t) Other products process from lithium metal Tonne LCE Flow
PrB_3(t) Battery process from lithium metal Tonne LCE Flow
SO(t) Stock of Other products Tonne LCE Stock
SAl(t) Stock of Aluminum Tonne LCE Stock
SCG(t) Stock of ceramic and glass Tonne LCE Stock
Prp(t) Polymer process from butyl lithium Tonne LCE Flow
SButyl(t) Stock of butyl lithium Tonne LCE Stock
SP(t) Stock of polymer Tonne LCE Stock
SLG(t) Stock of lubricant and grease Tonne LCE Stock
SB(t) Stock of batteries Tonne LCE Stock