Table 3: Comparison between the design formulae and the numerical results.

EN 1993-1-4 EN 1993-1-1
Method 2
EN 1993-1-1
Method 1
ENV 1993-1-1 Talja-Salmi Lopes et al. Greiner-Kettler Aluminium
All cases considered
ky/ky.FEM 1.235 0.969 0.925 0.997 1.129 0.828 1.053 0.966
Standard deviation 1.012 0.472 0.315 0.215 0.282 0.140 0.937 0.524
Uniform moment only
ky/ky.FEM 1.015 0.885 0.878 1.001 1.162 0.834 0.872 0.845
Standard deviation 0.180 0.171 0.158 0.218 0.286 0.131 0.193 0.153