Table 5: Maximum effects of a medium/low-level blast load (BLAST-75 and BLAST 50) on the examined CW modular unit with VE or PL devices. (*): failure of the VE layer. (**): V_d,max = V_y,d .

Blast load	Device #	σg,max [MPa]	Cracking [Y/N]	σm,max ; Yielding [MPa] ; [Y/N]	Vd,max [kN]	umax / H [-]	sd,max [mm]
BLAST-75	M01	76.4	N	203.5 ; Y	34.6	0.0180	-
	VE-01	37.7	N	124.8 ; N	21.1	0.0090	35.3
	PL-01	52.9	N	161.9 ; N	17.6 **	0.0118	25.6
BLAST-25	M01	44.4	N	162.3 ; N	24.3	0.0110	-
	VE-01	19.3	N	64.14 ; N	9.9	0.0048	14.1
	PL-01	40.74	N	137.35 ; N	17.6 **	0.0067	13.1