Table 4: Calculations for wood dead end ** cross arms.

Case Id Setup Model Length L #
(mm)
x
(mm)
x1
(mm)
PU
(kN)
PALL
(kN)
Deflection at Free End
Δ
(mm)
Lateral Stiffness kL
(kN/m)
Arm Weight W
(N)
Strength-to-Stiffness Ratio
RSS
(1/mm)
Weight-to-Stiffness Ratio
RWS
(1/mm)
Cost
($)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)
WD1 Fig. (3a) 1219.2 1066.8 152.4 9.22 3.63 31.0 969 78 9.40 0.080 30
WD2 Fig. (3b) 1524.0 482.6 152.4 5.34 2.11 42.1 496 97 21.34 0.196 37.5
WD3 Fig. (3c) 1828.8 965.2 152.4 3.73 1.47 63.2 287 117 25.91 0.406 45
Average 18.88 0.227

# Corresponds to half the total length shown in setup.
** γ = 1.65 and ψ = 0.65.