Table 3: Normal distribution data of imperfections.

Variable Distribution Mean Value Standard Deviation Minimum Maximum
diameter(mm) Normal 47.84 0.25 47.46 48.4
thickness(mm) Normal 3.29 0.13 2.98 3.44
Fastener tightening torque(N.m) Normal 37 15 20 60
Erection deviation(mm) Normal 0 16.77 -33.55 33.55