Element |
Typical Damages |
Proportion |
Corresponding Picture |
Wing wall |
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
4% |
|
Conical slope |
Breakage |
44% |
|
Abutment |
Concrete scaling |
62% |
|
Vertical crack |
45% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
42% |
|
Water stains |
34% |
|
Pier |
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
17% |
Fig. (7) |
Concrete scaling |
14% |
|
Vertical crack |
5% |
|
Bearing |
Part separation |
14% |
|
Breakage |
13% |
|
Shear deformation |
7% |
|
Bridge deck pavement |
Transverse crack |
41% |
|
Breakage |
16% |
|
Longitudinal crack |
10% |
Fig. (8) |
Slant crack |
9% |
|
Crocodile crack |
8% |
|
Transition slab at bridge head |
Vehicle bump at bridge head |
8% |
|
Expansion joints |
Breakage of anchorage zone |
50% |
|
Blockage |
36% |
|
Breakage of sealing strips |
29% |
Fig. (9) |
Guardrail |
Concrete scaling |
45% |
Fig. (10) |
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
23% |
|
Crack |
14% |
|
Drainage |
Impeded |
16% |
Fig. (11) |
Major load-bearing elements (RC-T) |
Longitudinal crack |
63% |
|
Slant crack |
63% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
37% |
|
Water stains |
26% |
|
Pitting surface |
26% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
16% |
|
Concrete scaling |
11% |
|
transverse crack |
5% |
|
Minor load-bearing elements (wet joint) |
Crack and water stains |
31% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
9% |
|
Pitting surface |
6% |
|
Minor load-bearing elements (diaphragm) |
Crack |
15% |
|
Water stains |
11% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
11% |
|
Pitting surface |
5% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (RC hollow-core slabs) |
Longitudinal crack |
42% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
41% |
Fig. (11) |
Transverse crack |
41% |
|
Water stains |
41% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
23% |
|
Concrete scaling |
7% |
|
Hinge joint |
Crack and water stains |
42% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (RC solid slabs) |
Corrosion of reinforcement |
74% |
|
Concrete scaling |
33% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
29% |
|
Transverse crack |
12% |
|
Water stains |
10% |
|
Longitudinal crack |
7% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (RC cast-in-place slabs) |
Water stains |
40% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
30% |
|
Longitudinal crack |
10% |
|
Transverse crack |
10% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
10% |
|
Concrete scaling |
10% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (PC-T) |
Water stains |
63% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
57% |
|
Longitudinal crack |
55% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
27% |
|
Concrete scaling |
12% |
|
Transverse crack |
10% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (PC adjacent box beams) |
Longitudinal crack |
67% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
25% |
|
Water stains |
22% |
|
Transverse crack |
21% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
16% |
|
Major load-bearing elements (PC box girders) |
Longitudinal crack |
65% |
|
Water stains |
40% |
|
Concrete scaling and reinforcement exposing |
37% |
|
Corrosion of reinforcement |
14% |
|
Transverse crack |
11% |
|
Slant crack |
10% |
|