Factors from Literature |
Status |
Selected Factors After Pilot Study |
A. Factors Due to Structural Design |
1. Inadequate structural design |
Modified |
1. Non-compliance with the requirements of design codes and their updates |
2. Ignoring the variation of soil types and conditions |
Modified |
2. Ignoring soil investigation or Poor soil investigation leads to the wrong selection of foundation type |
3. Ignoring biological, chemical attacks, natural hazards and dampness effects. |
Modified |
3. Ignoring environmental, weather condition, biological and chemical attacks. |
4. Ignoring aggressive environment and weather condition effects |
Merged |
5. Ignoring the location of Building |
Modified |
4. Ignoring building locations such as buildings located near the sea. |
6. Inappropriate site selection |
Not Selected |
|
7. Ignoring lateral loads impact on structure stability (winds and earthquakes) |
Modified |
5. Ignoring lateral loads effects (winds and earthquakes). |
8. Exceeding allowable deflection values |
Selected |
6. Exceeding allowable deflection limits |
|
Added |
7. Ignoring dynamic loads impact on structure stability |
9. Inadequate provisions for movement |
Modified |
8. Ignoring the design of expansion, contraction, settlement joint and special construction joint. |
10. Inadequate concrete cover on reinforcement |
Selected |
9. Inadequate concrete cover on reinforcement |
11. Improperly locating conduits and pipe openings at critical structural locations |
Selected |
10. Improperly locating conduits and pipe openings at critical structural locations |
12. Insufficient sizing of structural elements (columns, Beams, walls…etc.) |
Selected |
11. Insufficient sizing of structural elements such as reducing the size of columns, the size of reinforcement bars and foundations. |
13. Reducing the size of reinforcement bars and foundations |
Merged |
14. Misjudgment in design leading to assumptions or decisions that are not consistent with the actual behavior of the structure |
Selected |
12. Misjudgment in design leading to assumptions or decisions that are not consistent with the actual behavior of the structure. |
15. A roof design that allows water intrusion |
Selected & Clarified |
13. A roof design without inverted beams, which allows water intrusion. |
|
Added |
14. Inadequate slab types and loading ways with no consideration for codes related rules especially in long spans and cantilevers. |
16. Ignoring the consequence of thermal movement |
Not Selected |
|
17. Lack of standardization |
Modified |
15. Designing residential buildings away from the municipality’s conditions and engineering association rules. |
18. Poor design of concrete mix |
Modified |
16. Lack of technical specification references for residential buildings. |
19. Poor materials selection |
Modified |
17. Not defining adequate materials. |
B. Factors Due to Consultant Firms Administration and Staff |
1. Lack of QA/QC program during design |
Selected |
1. Lack of QA/QC program during design. |
2. Poor technical updating and poor staff training |
Selected |
2. Poor technical updating and poor staff training. |
3. A decision that is not in accordance with codes |
Selected |
3. A decision that is not in accordance with codes. |
4. Poor supervision |
Modified |
4. Poor or Lack of engineering supervision during construction of residential buildings or unqualified supervision |
5. Hiring unqualified designers |
Selected |
5. Hiring unqualified designers. |
6. Designer field of experience |
Selected & Clarified |
6. Poor field of experience and technical background for structural designers. |
7. Designer technical background |
Merged |
8. Designing buildings and systems that do not work as intended or as expected by an owner |
Selected |
7. Design buildings that do not work as intended by the owner (making drop beams, place and size of columns, etc.) which lead to change in design without consulting the engineer. |
9. Misjudgment of user's intended use |
Merged |
|
Added |
8. Poor communication between the design firms and the owner. |
10. Misjudgment of climatic conditions |
Not selected |
|
11. Designer ignorance of materials properties |
Not selected |
|
C. Factors Due to Drawings |
1. Lack of references |
Selected & Clarified |
1. Lack of references and details in drawings (cross sections, detailed sections and incomplete detailed drawings). |
2. Conflict and discrepancies in details |
Selected & Clarified |
2. Conflicts and discrepancies between architectural and structural drawings. |
3. Lack of details |
Modified |
3. Discrepancies in construction drawings (dimensions, scales, reinforcement bars diameters, conflict details...etc.). |
4. Inability to read the drawings |
Selected & Clarified |
4. Inability to read the drawings due to language, symbols and scales. |