Table 1: Summary of the trials involving the Novel Oral Anticoagulants for treatment of Non Valvular Atrial Fibrillation, with their respective definition of valvular disease and the out comes.

Drug	Trial	Definition of valvular disease	Outcomes
Apixaban	AVERROES [32, 33]	Valvular heart disease requiring surgery, including prosthesis valves	Apixaban reduced the risk of stroke or systemic embolism without significant bleeding risk or intracranial hemorrhage in NVAF.
Apixaban	ARISTOTLE-AF [20, 29]	Prosthetic valve or clinically significant (moderate or severe) mitral stenosis	Apixaban was superior to warfarin in reducing stroke and systemic embolism in NVAF.
Dabigatran	RE-LY [19, 34]	Prosthetic valve or hemo-dynamically relevant valve disease	Dabigatran had lower rates of stroke or systemic embolism but similar rates of hemorrhage as warfarin when dosed at 150mg twice a day in NVAF
Edoxaban	ENGAGE-AF-TIMI 48 [22, 30]	Moderate or severe mitral stenosis, mechanical prosthetic valves	Edoxaban was non inferior to warfarin at both doses for prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in NVAF
Edoxaban	ENSURE-AF (actively enrolling) [35]	Mitral stenosis or rheumatic disease, mechanical prosthetic valve	Currently underway
Rivaroxaban	ROCKET-AF [17, 18]	Hemodynamically significant mitral stenosis or prosthetic valve	Rivaroxaban was non inferior to warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in NVAF